Class note #2: (9/20/10-9/24/10)

You don’t have to memorize everything single literary potential structures. Study AP exam literary terms by clicking Quizlet on Spruz site, looking at Vocabulary words.

Perrine’s Literature:

Barbie doll by Marge Piercy: Feminism, women had to marry in order to the happy but marriage means dying. Can have more than one meaning.
The picture below is a picture of a barbie doll.
.

Sorting  Laundry by Elisavietta Ritchie: A woman missing her husband; has more positive attitude toward marriage.

Figure of speech; Anyway of saying something other than the ordinary way.

Similar and Metaphor are both used as a means of comparing things are essentially like.

Similar: The comparison is expressed by the use of some word or phrase, such as like, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems. Ex: Barrack Obama said “They talked about me like a dog”during the Labor Day rally on 2010.

Metaphor: The comparison is not expressed but is created when a figurative term is substituted for or identified with the literal term. Ex: I am the thunder

http://www.newton.k12.ks.us/sch/w/start/metaphors_similes.htm shows some great examples of similar and metaphor.

Personifications: Giving the attributes of a human being to an animal an object or a concept. (Subtype of Metaphor)
The video below is an example of personification



Synecdoche: The use of the part for the whole.

Metronymic: The use of something closely related for the thing actually meant

Symbol: Something that means morethan what it is

Allegory: Narrative or description that has a second meaning beneath the surface. Dimmesdale, one of the main characters of the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, stands for all of the people who do not confess their sins. He suffered because he did not confess his sins to townspeople.

Paradox: Apparent contradiction that is nevertheless somehow true
http://www.examplesof.com/paradox.html shows some examples of paradox.

Overstatement (Hyperbole): Simply exaggeration, but exaggeration in the service of truth. Ex: Brittney, one of my friends, said that she was going to die because the orange chickens in Panda Express tasted so bad.

Understatement: Saying less than one means. Ex: When I ate a big piece of cheese berry cake last month, I said that it was a very tiny crumb.

Irony: Meanings that extend beyond its use merely as a figure of speech. It is neither mean nor kind. It is simply a devise.
The picture below is an example of irony
 
Verbal Irony: Saying the opposite of what one means. Ex: When I learned that my girlfriend cheated on me, I called her on the phone and said “You are an honest girl.”

Dramatic Irony: Discrepancy is not between what the speaker says and what the speaker means but between what the speaker says and what the poem means.

Irony of situation: Discrepancy exists between the actual circumstances and those that would seem appropriate or between what one anticipates and what actually comes to pass. Ex: In the Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Dimmesdale, one of the main characters, declared to the people that he was a sinner. He expected townspeople to hate him but they respected him instead.

You can test your knowledge of these three ironies by taking a quiz at http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=different-types-irony

Satire: More formal term, usually appropriate to written literature rather than to speech and ordinarily implying; it is ridicule (either bitter or gentle) of human folly or vice, with the purpose of bringing about reform or at least of keeping other people from falling into similar folly or vice.
The picture below is an example of satire

 

Rhetoric

Rhetoric= Art of Communication.

The Rhetorical situation= Context for art of communication= situation in which the communication takes place and a smart essayist, etc who needs to communicate something will always try to analyze the rhetorical situation before beginning to compose a message. This analysis will lead to a plan.

Elements of Rhoetoric:

Subject: What is your topic?

Purpose: What do you want to get out of this? Why are you engaged in this communication? (Persuade, inform, etc.)

Audience: Who exactly, do you imagine will receive this communication?

Speaker: What kind of a person do you want to seem like as you send this message?

Argument

Argument: One way to accomplish the goal of persuasion.

Persuasion: Purpose for communication.

Argument is a technique we can use to accomplish the purpose of communication.

Three types of Arguments:

Ethos(Ehtics):Appeals to our morality, our sense of right and wrong.

The picture below is an example of Ethos

 

Logos (Logic):Logical arguments are constructed according to certain rules and appeal to our intellect.

Emotional (Pathos):Appeals to feelings (Love, hate, etc.)

Thesis:One main point.

Claim:An assertion (an idea that is not a simple fact) Should be used to support your thesis.

Warrant:Explanation of your reasoning that shows what your evidence means

Evidence:Facts that show that your claims are reasonable.

Necessary:Something that can’t be ignored.

Sufficient:“Enough” when the condition of sufficiency is met. You have done enough to make your case.

Few types of Arguments:

Proposal argument

Cause & effect argument

Argument of evaluation

Argument of fact

Argument of definition

 Works Cited 

http://munshigi.com/images/Barbie%20Doll.jpg= barbie doll picture

:

http://www.newton.k12.ks.us/sch/w/start/metaphors_similes.htm= a site that shows example of simile and metaphor

http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/images-4/child-slave.jpg= "child carrying heavy thing" picture

http://www.youtube.com/watchv=m56F4EKN9hg&feature=related= Personification video

Petri, Alexandra. “Why don’t we talk Barack Obama ‘like a dog’” The Washington posts. N.p., 7 Sep. 2010. Web. 20 Sep. 2010.= an example of simile

http://platform.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/atlasthelparrives.jpg= a picture of UN soliders.

http://www.dailyhaha.com/_pics/peace_irony.jpg= a picture that shows the yellow-shirt guy attacking the crowd

http://www.examplesof.com/paradox.html= a site with paradox examples